Background and objectives Many approaches have been used to deliver insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to African communities in different settings. Between 1992 and 2002, the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Kenya, used two ITN delivery models: the employer-based approach and the community-based approach. These two approaches have never been compared in order to inform their potential for future ITN delivery. We aimed to (1) compare the extent of ITN ownership, use and retreatment coverage in different population groups in the employer and community-based models and (2) identify options for improving people's acceptance and use of treatment/retreatment services. . . .