Development of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may eliminate the need for insecticide retreatment of ITNs. While two LLINs (Olyset®, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Japan; and PermaNet® 1.0, Vestergaard-Frandsen, Denmark) have received recommendations from the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, field-testing under normal use has been limited. . . .